Difference between revisions of "Bleep Slider mini synth"

From Interaction Station Wiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
(Created page with "Learning goals: general station intro, practical electricity/electronics, components ( resistors, capacitors, IC, ldr, speaker), schematic, soldering =Intro, plus inspiratio...")
 
Line 7: Line 7:
  
 
==Basic components==
 
==Basic components==
 +
 +
===The BATTERY===
 +
 +
[[File:Batter symbol.png|left]]<br>
 +
[[File:Batteries.png | right]]is a source of electricity, that happens due to a chemical reaction.
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
There are many flavors of batteries. Different voltages, chemicals, sizes...
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
*There are also non-chemical batteries, for example solar batteries, they are an example of physical batteries
 +
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
 +
===SWITCHES===
 +
 +
[[File:Switch schematic.png| 400 px]]
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
 +
Switches are electro-mechanical components that make or break one or more electrical contacts, thus allowing or preventing the flow of electrons ( the electric current), depending on the state of the switch. Above is its schematic symbol.
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
[[File:Toggle.png| right]]
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
Drawn on the right, is a common switch, called a toggle switch.  It connects the center terminal with the other outer terminals.
 +
<br>
 +
The center terminal is called the pole of the switch. Because you can flip, or throw, this switch to make two possible connections, it is called a double-throw switch. A single-pole, double-throw switch (like this one on the right) is abbreviated SPDT.
 +
<br>
 +
Some switches have two entirely separate poles, so you can make two separate connections simultaneously when you flip the switch. These are called double-pole switches.
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
here is another way to see the toggle switch above
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
[[File:Spdt.png]]
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
[[File:Toggleconnect.png]]
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
And some examples of other types of switches
 +
<br>
 +
Single-pole Single-throw (makes only one connection with one pole. Its two states are simply open and closed)
 +
<br>and Double-pole Single-throw(makes two separate on/off connections)
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
[[File:Switches.png]]
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
There are switches that have three or four or more poles. But this is enough for a start:)
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
'''BUTTONS'''
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
Soo...... what about the buttons...they are also switches
 +
<br>
 +
like this one
 +
<br>
 +
[[File:Pushbutton.png| left]]
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
<br>They also come in many different flavors and colors, but they also interfere with the circuit, in most cases only while the button is pressed.
 +
Like you computer keyboard buttons, when the key is pressed, something is happening, and when you let go, it stops.
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
A PUSHBUTTON is called a '''momentary switch''', because it makes only a momentary contact. Any spring-loaded switch or button that wants to jump back to its original position is known as a momentary switch.
 +
<br>
 +
momentary switches can be '''NORMALLY''' OPEN (NO), meaning a that such a switch makes contact only when you push it, and flips back to make no contact when you let it go.
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
while a '''NORMALLY CLOSED''' (NC) button works the opposite way, it is normally ON, but when you push it, you break the connection. So, the OFF state is momentary.
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
that's how the symbols look like
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
[[File:Pushbuttonschematic.png]]
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
 +
===RESISTORS===
 +
 +
Resistors are the most beautiful components, small, delicate and colorful.<br>
 +
All they do is RESIST CURRENT!<br>
 +
[[File:Resitor.png]]
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
The Resistance of a resistor is measured in Ohm (Ω), so guess.........you can use OHM'S LAW !<br>
 +
'''A * Ω = V''' or '''V / Ω = A'''
 +
<br>
 +
When 1mA flows through a 3.3kΩ resistor, there will be 3.3V across it. With 6V across a 120Ω resistor, a 50mA current will flow through it.
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
The resistance of the resistors ( or how many Ohms each resistor is) can be found by decoding the color stripes on it. And HAPPILY, there are a lot of online calculators that help you do this fast. [[http://www.hobby-hour.com/electronics/resistorcalculator.php| for example THIS one]]
 +
<br>
 +
These resistors have a FIXED resistance,
 +
<br>
 +
but there are also '''VARIABLE RESISTORS''' a.k.a. '''POTENTIOMETERS'''
 +
<br>
 +
[[File:Pot.png|right]]<br>
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
It is a resistor which resistance can be changed, by turning a knob. They can also look different, but commonly look like this
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
and the symbols for the resistors and pots
 +
<br>
 +
[[File:Resitorshematic.png]]
 +
 +
 +
===CAPACITORS===
 +
<br>
 +
In ultra short - Capacitors are storage vessels for electric charge. <br> A capacitor stores energy - and then later releases it.
 +
<br>
 +
The Capacitance of a capacitor dictates how much energy can be stored, and is measured in Farad (F).
 +
A steady current of 1mA will make the voltage across a 1μF capacitor rise with 1V per msec (= 1kV / sec).
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
Capacitors can be <br>
 +
'''CERAMIC'''  -  have no polarity (can be different colors and shapes)<br>
 +
'''ELECTROLYTIC''' - have a positive and negative leg ( the negative is marked by a stripe on the body of the capacitor) and its is important how you connect them, just like Leds.<br>
 +
there are also VARIABLE capacitors - but lets leave them for now
 +
 +
<br>
 +
[[File:Capacitors.png | 800 px]]
 +
 
==Reading a schematic==
 
==Reading a schematic==
 
==Soldering==
 
==Soldering==

Revision as of 16:39, 13 January 2022

Learning goals: general station intro, practical electricity/electronics, components ( resistors, capacitors, IC, ldr, speaker), schematic, soldering

Intro, plus inspiration/context

Electronics stuff

Basic components

The BATTERY

Batter symbol.png


Batteries.png

is a source of electricity, that happens due to a chemical reaction.




There are many flavors of batteries. Different voltages, chemicals, sizes...



  • There are also non-chemical batteries, for example solar batteries, they are an example of physical batteries




SWITCHES

Switch schematic.png


Switches are electro-mechanical components that make or break one or more electrical contacts, thus allowing or preventing the flow of electrons ( the electric current), depending on the state of the switch. Above is its schematic symbol.

Toggle.png






Drawn on the right, is a common switch, called a toggle switch. It connects the center terminal with the other outer terminals.
The center terminal is called the pole of the switch. Because you can flip, or throw, this switch to make two possible connections, it is called a double-throw switch. A single-pole, double-throw switch (like this one on the right) is abbreviated SPDT.
Some switches have two entirely separate poles, so you can make two separate connections simultaneously when you flip the switch. These are called double-pole switches.

here is another way to see the toggle switch above

Spdt.png

Toggleconnect.png

And some examples of other types of switches
Single-pole Single-throw (makes only one connection with one pole. Its two states are simply open and closed)
and Double-pole Single-throw(makes two separate on/off connections)

Switches.png

There are switches that have three or four or more poles. But this is enough for a start:)

BUTTONS

Soo...... what about the buttons...they are also switches
like this one

Pushbutton.png




They also come in many different flavors and colors, but they also interfere with the circuit, in most cases only while the button is pressed. Like you computer keyboard buttons, when the key is pressed, something is happening, and when you let go, it stops.



A PUSHBUTTON is called a momentary switch, because it makes only a momentary contact. Any spring-loaded switch or button that wants to jump back to its original position is known as a momentary switch.
momentary switches can be NORMALLY OPEN (NO), meaning a that such a switch makes contact only when you push it, and flips back to make no contact when you let it go.

while a NORMALLY CLOSED (NC) button works the opposite way, it is normally ON, but when you push it, you break the connection. So, the OFF state is momentary.

that's how the symbols look like

Pushbuttonschematic.png


RESISTORS

Resistors are the most beautiful components, small, delicate and colorful.
All they do is RESIST CURRENT!
Resitor.png

The Resistance of a resistor is measured in Ohm (Ω), so guess.........you can use OHM'S LAW !
A * Ω = V or V / Ω = A
When 1mA flows through a 3.3kΩ resistor, there will be 3.3V across it. With 6V across a 120Ω resistor, a 50mA current will flow through it.

The resistance of the resistors ( or how many Ohms each resistor is) can be found by decoding the color stripes on it. And HAPPILY, there are a lot of online calculators that help you do this fast. [for example THIS one]
These resistors have a FIXED resistance,
but there are also VARIABLE RESISTORS a.k.a. POTENTIOMETERS

Pot.png





It is a resistor which resistance can be changed, by turning a knob. They can also look different, but commonly look like this

and the symbols for the resistors and pots
Resitorshematic.png


CAPACITORS


In ultra short - Capacitors are storage vessels for electric charge.
A capacitor stores energy - and then later releases it.
The Capacitance of a capacitor dictates how much energy can be stored, and is measured in Farad (F). A steady current of 1mA will make the voltage across a 1μF capacitor rise with 1V per msec (= 1kV / sec).

Capacitors can be
CERAMIC - have no polarity (can be different colors and shapes)
ELECTROLYTIC - have a positive and negative leg ( the negative is marked by a stripe on the body of the capacitor) and its is important how you connect them, just like Leds.
there are also VARIABLE capacitors - but lets leave them for now


Capacitors.png

Reading a schematic

Soldering

555 Timer / A classic

Make the little thing!

Clean up!

Retrieved from "http://interactionstation.wdka.hro.nl/mediawiki/index.php?title=Bleep_Slider_mini_synth&oldid=7257"