Difference between revisions of "EEG"
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| + | == intro == | ||
| + | |||
| + | Students often discover EEG brain sensors. These sensors are very attractive! | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[File:ee1.png|200px]] | ||
| − | + | [[File:ee2.png|200px]] | |
| − | + | Neurosky Mindwave (amazon.nl), at the moment 155 euro's: https://www.amazon.nl/neuroSky-Estate-neurofeedback-headset-MindWave/dp/B07CXN8NKX/ref=sr_1_1?__mk_nl_NL=ÅMÅŽÕÑ&keywords=mindwave&qid=1587632205&sr=8-1 | |
| − | + | The price is between 100 and 1000 euro's. | |
You should certainly use it and experiment with it, if you want to. Depending on your goal and project it might work. But also be realistic and critical about these devices. | You should certainly use it and experiment with it, if you want to. Depending on your goal and project it might work. But also be realistic and critical about these devices. | ||
| Line 10: | Line 15: | ||
'''Goals for which the EEG brain device in your project could work:''' | '''Goals for which the EEG brain device in your project could work:''' | ||
*investigating devices which might work in the future. | *investigating devices which might work in the future. | ||
| − | *speculative design, where you suggest possible applications, and then hope that a technician will find a way to make | + | *speculative design, where you suggest possible applications, and then hope that a technician will find a way to make your idea work. |
'''Goals for which the EEG brain device doesn't work, but it might be fun:''' | '''Goals for which the EEG brain device doesn't work, but it might be fun:''' | ||
| Line 17: | Line 22: | ||
'''Goals for which your project will certainly end up in a real disaster:''' | '''Goals for which your project will certainly end up in a real disaster:''' | ||
*steering your car or anything else which might go wrong with your brain sensor device. | *steering your car or anything else which might go wrong with your brain sensor device. | ||
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== Student projects == | == Student projects == | ||
| Line 29: | Line 28: | ||
For her graduation she made these outfits. | For her graduation she made these outfits. | ||
| − | *an outfit with a collar rising and lowering, depending on stress level. | + | *an outfit with a collar rising and lowering, depending on stress level, measured by the Mindwave. |
| − | *an outfit changing between a female and a male silhouet | + | *an outfit changing between a female and a male silhouet, depending on brain waves. |
| − | *an outfit which shows "emotions" as color patterns on the back | + | *an outfit which shows "emotions" as color patterns on the back, depending on brain waves. |
[[File:ee4.png|500px]] | [[File:ee4.png|500px]] | ||
| Line 39: | Line 38: | ||
== devices == | == devices == | ||
| − | The Mindwave Neurosky is affordable, | + | There are many devices, a selection: |
| + | |||
| + | The Mindwave Neurosky is affordable, there is a version of 100euro (this one always seems to be sold out), this one is available: 155 euro at amazon.nl. | ||
[[File:ee2.png|200px]] | [[File:ee2.png|200px]] | ||
| Line 51: | Line 52: | ||
[[File:ee8.png|200px]] | [[File:ee8.png|200px]] | ||
| − | + | The different possibilities are shown on this page more in detail: http://learn.neurotechedu.com/headsets/ | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
== Explanations == | == Explanations == | ||
| − | The stories about the brain waves coming with the devices (the following from the Mindwave) are quite impressive. They tell about | + | The stories about the brain waves coming with the devices (the following from the Mindwave) are quite impressive. They tell about 8 fundamental brain frequencies: |
All the frequencies | All the frequencies | ||
| Line 67: | Line 66: | ||
[[File:ee11.png]] | [[File:ee11.png]] | ||
| − | These are general stories. The hidden magic is how to get from the numbers coming out of the devices to these general ideas about the brain frequencies and to connect these frequencies to the topics which are promised. | + | These are general stories. The hidden magic is how to get from the so called "RAW" numbers coming out of the devices to these general ideas about the brain frequencies and to connect these frequencies to the topics which are promised: meditation, concentration and maybe even emotions. |
| − | == | + | == project goals categories == |
'''Emotion measurement''' | '''Emotion measurement''' | ||
| − | One goal students like is the measurement of "emotions". The idea of having emotions seems so simple. Say ... Happiness, isn't that simple? No! There has been an debate over centuries what it exactly is this "happiness". Many good texts about "happiness" if you are interested, take a bit of time reading these texts...say 20 years? | + | One goal students like is the measurement of "emotions". The functioning of your brain can somehow be measured and the EEG produces these numbers in the sensor, and you have the impression to experience emotions, so ... the hypothesis is: these measured numbers must be the emotions. The idea of having specific emotions seems so simple. Say ... Happiness, isn't that a simple emotion, it is easy to ask a person if she is happy? No - Happiness is enormously complex! There has been an debate over centuries what it exactly is this "happiness". Many good texts about "happiness" are written, if you are interested, take a bit of time reading these texts and investigate yourself...say 20 years?....no: happiness changes depending on age, so you will never be finished thinking about happiness! |
| + | |||
| + | For example some of the books I read about Happiness: (for a project in France in 2019, it took me a year or so to study these texts, and still....if I read these texts again I learn new things.) | ||
| + | *Sigmund Freud, Das Unbehagen in der Kultur - Civilization and Its Discontents (1930) | ||
| + | *Happiness a history, Darrin M. McMahon: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/96887.Happiness | ||
| + | *Glück, Thomä, Dieter, ea : https://www.springer.com/de/book/9783476022851 | ||
| + | *Thomas Nagel: What is it like to be a bat: http://faculty.arts.ubc.ca/maydede/mind/Nagel_Whatisitliketobeabat.pdf | ||
| + | *The world happiness report: http://worldhappiness.report | ||
| + | *The Harvard study: https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2009/06/what-makes-us-happy/307439/ | ||
| + | *Stumbling on Happiness, Daniel Gilbert, 2006, Vintage Books | ||
| + | *How Emotions are made, Lisa Feldman Barrett, 2017 Pan Books | ||
| + | |||
| + | And this is just a handful, the literature is immense. | ||
| − | So what is | + | So what happiness really is, is difficult. Personal, contextual, interpretational, temporary, visceral, ephemeral....But this EEG device just "measures" an emotion? So it must be clear? No, because the EEG device produces "numbers", many numbers every second. And somebody - a person, like you and me - has to program an algorithm which interpreted these data, and tells you: this is happiness. If the literature indicates how wide the ideas of happiness differ, then how for this programming person to "know" what numbers represent "happiness"? |
'''concentration and meditation''' | '''concentration and meditation''' | ||
| − | Many texts are about "meditation" improvement. "meditation and concentration" are not emotions, maybe these "state of mind" can be measured more easily. At the same time you read that the thing on your head is not comfortable or hurts within 30 minutes. I also had this experience, that it is not "fun" wearing these devices. Take the clip into your ear of the Neurosky Mindwave. Being irritating and "meditation improvement" is for me a paradoxical, but it might work for you! | + | Many texts around these brain scanners are about "meditation" improvement. "meditation and concentration" are not emotions, maybe these "state of mind" can be measured more easily. At the same time you read that the thing on your head is not comfortable or hurts within 30 minutes. I also had this experience, that it is not "fun" wearing these devices. Take the clip into your ear of the Neurosky Mindwave. Being irritating and "meditation improvement" is for me a paradoxical, but it might work for you! |
'''Steering devices with brain waves''' | '''Steering devices with brain waves''' | ||
| Line 83: | Line 94: | ||
'''Driving a car with your brain''' | '''Driving a car with your brain''' | ||
| − | There is a study about the "steering" possibilities. Rather devastating for the idea that you can drive a car with your brain waves. Even if the accuracy | + | There is a study about the "steering" possibilities. Rather devastating for the idea that you can drive a car with your brain waves. Even if the accuracy were 90%, then there would be many more accidents as we now have - one out of ten trips you make would end in a disaster. Strange idea by the way, because ... what is the difference, don't we use our brain also for avoiding accidents? The difference is again: interpretation by algorithms. In the case of EEG brain waves driving the car, there is a person - programmer, in between us and the car. |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4806709/ | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4806709/ | ||
| − | == my own experiments == | + | == my own "subjective" experiments == |
You can rely on research by others, but you should also perform your own experiments. | You can rely on research by others, but you should also perform your own experiments. | ||
| − | When Jasna Rokegem came to me with the brain sensor I started doing experiments, it was the Neurosky Mindwave, an earlier version, | + | When Jasna Rokegem came to me with the brain sensor I started doing experiments, it was the Neurosky Mindwave, an earlier version, with one "dry" forehead sensor. The results were not convincing. I was puzzled, because it was so bad, that I suspected to do something wrong. The signals just didn't make sense at all. I looked at reports from other people and they also confirmed that the results were sometimes right, sometimes wrong. This Mindwave sensor was in that time used in a game steering pushing a ball towards the other using brain waves. So "steering". Nice for a gaming situation, where you need a little bit of noise. It helps having fun. And in this situation, the EEG brain sensor is ok, - it is a toy. |
| − | In the City Lab, our school had the Emotiv. This device had 14 sensors! But these sensors were the "wet" version. And the sockets were already corroded. Having this Emotiv on, the interpretation of the signals told me I was super concentrated at one moment and immediately after that totally un-concentrated. | + | In the City Lab, our school had the Emotiv. This device had 14 sensors! But these sensors were the "wet" version. And the sockets were already corroded. Having this Emotiv on, the interpretation of the signals told me I was super concentrated at one moment and immediately after that totally un-concentrated. I had the impression that the data coming out of both EEG brain sensors were not reliable. But that is not yet doing research. For a good research you need more devices, Comparing measurements, having more than one person do the testing. After all, the companies fabricating the consumer EEG brain scanners are also doing investigations. They claim a certain kind of reliability and the devices are quite expensive. How can this all be false. My opinion is just subjective. |
'''check?''' | '''check?''' | ||
| − | + | But even if the results, the interpretations were "true", it is rather difficult to check or corroborate, because you cannot put two devices on your head. (I tried.) And if the device indicates that I am concentrated, on what subject am I concentrated? On the results of the device, on the question if the data are reliable? | |
| − | If | + | If one cannot "check" the results of a sensor in the same situation (time and person), how can you ever be sure? |
| − | == research == | + | == "objective" research == |
| + | |||
| + | Feeling subjective in my conclusions, I was happy to find a "scientific" study of a set of consumer EEG devices. This group of investigators took a number of people, did a number of experiments, and compared the effects and the effectivity of different consumer EEG devices. This is not subjective anymore. | ||
'''scientific evaluation of the possibility to "steer" and measure "attention/meditation" with the consumer EEG brain sensors:''' | '''scientific evaluation of the possibility to "steer" and measure "attention/meditation" with the consumer EEG brain sensors:''' | ||
| Line 110: | Line 123: | ||
''"Overall recognition accuracy of both the concentration (attention) and relaxation (meditation) mental states of subjects were 60.5% (for the Emotiv device) and only 22.2% (for the Neurosky device), which is not very usable in a practical sense."'' | ''"Overall recognition accuracy of both the concentration (attention) and relaxation (meditation) mental states of subjects were 60.5% (for the Emotiv device) and only 22.2% (for the Neurosky device), which is not very usable in a practical sense."'' | ||
| + | |||
| + | Maskeliunas, R., Damasevicius, R., Martisius, I., & Vasiljevas, M. (2016). Consumer-grade EEG devices: are they usable for control tasks?. PeerJ, 4, e1746. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1746 | ||
This gives objective percentages and corroborates my own subjective "feelings" of how these devices worked for me. | This gives objective percentages and corroborates my own subjective "feelings" of how these devices worked for me. | ||
| − | |||
'''consumer comparison of the devices, indicating sensors and data rate, for instance''' | '''consumer comparison of the devices, indicating sensors and data rate, for instance''' | ||
| Line 142: | Line 156: | ||
'''Arnon Grunberg''' | '''Arnon Grunberg''' | ||
| − | Although not one of the devices above mentioned, Arnon Grunberg, one of the well known Dutch writers did an interesting experiment, wiring himself to a headset with many electrodes. The goal was to record his emotions while writing and then compare the measurements of his emotions with the measurements of the readers of his text. | + | Although not one of the devices above mentioned, Arnon Grunberg, one of the well known Dutch writers did an interesting experiment, wiring himself to a headset with many electrodes. The goal was to record his emotions while writing and then compare the measurements of his emotions with the measurements of the readers of his text. But to the surprise of everybody, the writer and the scientists, this experiment failed because the researchers could not find "his" emotions while writing. The explanation was that - probably - writing is rational, and not emotional. |
If this device with its many sensors and in quite a scientific setting, with accompanying neurologists and scientists is not even working as they thought it would, how can the toys produce any sensible result? | If this device with its many sensors and in quite a scientific setting, with accompanying neurologists and scientists is not even working as they thought it would, how can the toys produce any sensible result? | ||
| Line 169: | Line 183: | ||
Dutch reports | Dutch reports | ||
| + | *http://www.volkskrant.nl/dossier-arnon-grunberg-doorgemeten/proefkonijn-grunberg-hoe-werkt-een-schrijversbrein~a3547359/ | ||
| + | *http://www.gezond24.nl/tv-uitzending/g24_954/De-emoties-van-Arnon-Grunberg-1 | ||
| + | *http://www.gezond24.nl/tv-uitzending/g24_2196/De-emoties-van-Arnon-Grunberg-2 | ||
| − | + | English: | |
| − | + | *https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/30/books/arnon-grunberg-is-writing-while-connected-to-electrodes.html | |
| − | + | '''Some of the Devices''' | |
| − | + | *Neurosky: | |
| − | + | *Emotive: | |
| − | + | *Muse: | |
== conclusions == | == conclusions == | ||
| Line 195: | Line 212: | ||
Behave speculative with these toys! | Behave speculative with these toys! | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:EEG Brain Sensors]] [[Category:Sensors]] | ||
Latest revision as of 14:43, 21 November 2022
intro
Students often discover EEG brain sensors. These sensors are very attractive!
Neurosky Mindwave (amazon.nl), at the moment 155 euro's: https://www.amazon.nl/neuroSky-Estate-neurofeedback-headset-MindWave/dp/B07CXN8NKX/ref=sr_1_1?__mk_nl_NL=ÅMÅŽÕÑ&keywords=mindwave&qid=1587632205&sr=8-1
The price is between 100 and 1000 euro's.
You should certainly use it and experiment with it, if you want to. Depending on your goal and project it might work. But also be realistic and critical about these devices.
Goals for which the EEG brain device in your project could work:
- investigating devices which might work in the future.
- speculative design, where you suggest possible applications, and then hope that a technician will find a way to make your idea work.
Goals for which the EEG brain device doesn't work, but it might be fun:
- measuring emotions with accuracy and using these "real" measured emotions in some way.
Goals for which your project will certainly end up in a real disaster:
- steering your car or anything else which might go wrong with your brain sensor device.
Student projects
Jasna Rokegem (Fashion Design) was one of the first students graduating with a "Fashion on brainwaves" project. She founded her own company on this idea after graduating. She exploits the "speculative" goal.
For her graduation she made these outfits.
- an outfit with a collar rising and lowering, depending on stress level, measured by the Mindwave.
- an outfit changing between a female and a male silhouet, depending on brain waves.
- an outfit which shows "emotions" as color patterns on the back, depending on brain waves.
https://www.jasnarok.com/work/#fashion-on-brainwaves
devices
There are many devices, a selection:
The Mindwave Neurosky is affordable, there is a version of 100euro (this one always seems to be sold out), this one is available: 155 euro at amazon.nl.
The Emotiv EPOC is much more expensive: around 1000 euro's. (989 euro at amazon.nl at the moment)
The Muse is in between 300 euro's. (273 euro at amazon.nl at the moment)
The different possibilities are shown on this page more in detail: http://learn.neurotechedu.com/headsets/
Explanations
The stories about the brain waves coming with the devices (the following from the Mindwave) are quite impressive. They tell about 8 fundamental brain frequencies:
All the frequencies
One example, the delta waves:
These are general stories. The hidden magic is how to get from the so called "RAW" numbers coming out of the devices to these general ideas about the brain frequencies and to connect these frequencies to the topics which are promised: meditation, concentration and maybe even emotions.
project goals categories
Emotion measurement One goal students like is the measurement of "emotions". The functioning of your brain can somehow be measured and the EEG produces these numbers in the sensor, and you have the impression to experience emotions, so ... the hypothesis is: these measured numbers must be the emotions. The idea of having specific emotions seems so simple. Say ... Happiness, isn't that a simple emotion, it is easy to ask a person if she is happy? No - Happiness is enormously complex! There has been an debate over centuries what it exactly is this "happiness". Many good texts about "happiness" are written, if you are interested, take a bit of time reading these texts and investigate yourself...say 20 years?....no: happiness changes depending on age, so you will never be finished thinking about happiness!
For example some of the books I read about Happiness: (for a project in France in 2019, it took me a year or so to study these texts, and still....if I read these texts again I learn new things.)
- Sigmund Freud, Das Unbehagen in der Kultur - Civilization and Its Discontents (1930)
- Happiness a history, Darrin M. McMahon: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/96887.Happiness
- Glück, Thomä, Dieter, ea : https://www.springer.com/de/book/9783476022851
- Thomas Nagel: What is it like to be a bat: http://faculty.arts.ubc.ca/maydede/mind/Nagel_Whatisitliketobeabat.pdf
- The world happiness report: http://worldhappiness.report
- The Harvard study: https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2009/06/what-makes-us-happy/307439/
- Stumbling on Happiness, Daniel Gilbert, 2006, Vintage Books
- How Emotions are made, Lisa Feldman Barrett, 2017 Pan Books
And this is just a handful, the literature is immense.
So what happiness really is, is difficult. Personal, contextual, interpretational, temporary, visceral, ephemeral....But this EEG device just "measures" an emotion? So it must be clear? No, because the EEG device produces "numbers", many numbers every second. And somebody - a person, like you and me - has to program an algorithm which interpreted these data, and tells you: this is happiness. If the literature indicates how wide the ideas of happiness differ, then how for this programming person to "know" what numbers represent "happiness"?
concentration and meditation Many texts around these brain scanners are about "meditation" improvement. "meditation and concentration" are not emotions, maybe these "state of mind" can be measured more easily. At the same time you read that the thing on your head is not comfortable or hurts within 30 minutes. I also had this experience, that it is not "fun" wearing these devices. Take the clip into your ear of the Neurosky Mindwave. Being irritating and "meditation improvement" is for me a paradoxical, but it might work for you!
Steering devices with brain waves This seems more straightforward. You could use pattern recognition. Then you avoid the problem of "what is happiness". Using AI for getting it right, without understanding the underlying principle. Even then. For AI to work, you need thousands of times telling the device this was right, this was left. And every person has a slightly different "brain"...
Driving a car with your brain There is a study about the "steering" possibilities. Rather devastating for the idea that you can drive a car with your brain waves. Even if the accuracy were 90%, then there would be many more accidents as we now have - one out of ten trips you make would end in a disaster. Strange idea by the way, because ... what is the difference, don't we use our brain also for avoiding accidents? The difference is again: interpretation by algorithms. In the case of EEG brain waves driving the car, there is a person - programmer, in between us and the car.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4806709/
my own "subjective" experiments
You can rely on research by others, but you should also perform your own experiments.
When Jasna Rokegem came to me with the brain sensor I started doing experiments, it was the Neurosky Mindwave, an earlier version, with one "dry" forehead sensor. The results were not convincing. I was puzzled, because it was so bad, that I suspected to do something wrong. The signals just didn't make sense at all. I looked at reports from other people and they also confirmed that the results were sometimes right, sometimes wrong. This Mindwave sensor was in that time used in a game steering pushing a ball towards the other using brain waves. So "steering". Nice for a gaming situation, where you need a little bit of noise. It helps having fun. And in this situation, the EEG brain sensor is ok, - it is a toy.
In the City Lab, our school had the Emotiv. This device had 14 sensors! But these sensors were the "wet" version. And the sockets were already corroded. Having this Emotiv on, the interpretation of the signals told me I was super concentrated at one moment and immediately after that totally un-concentrated. I had the impression that the data coming out of both EEG brain sensors were not reliable. But that is not yet doing research. For a good research you need more devices, Comparing measurements, having more than one person do the testing. After all, the companies fabricating the consumer EEG brain scanners are also doing investigations. They claim a certain kind of reliability and the devices are quite expensive. How can this all be false. My opinion is just subjective.
check? But even if the results, the interpretations were "true", it is rather difficult to check or corroborate, because you cannot put two devices on your head. (I tried.) And if the device indicates that I am concentrated, on what subject am I concentrated? On the results of the device, on the question if the data are reliable? If one cannot "check" the results of a sensor in the same situation (time and person), how can you ever be sure?
"objective" research
Feeling subjective in my conclusions, I was happy to find a "scientific" study of a set of consumer EEG devices. This group of investigators took a number of people, did a number of experiments, and compared the effects and the effectivity of different consumer EEG devices. This is not subjective anymore.
scientific evaluation of the possibility to "steer" and measure "attention/meditation" with the consumer EEG brain sensors:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4806709/
In this article the concepts of "relaxation" and "attention" are well described with links to articles.
Conclusion: (from the part "Discussion" of this article)
"Overall recognition accuracy of both the concentration (attention) and relaxation (meditation) mental states of subjects were 60.5% (for the Emotiv device) and only 22.2% (for the Neurosky device), which is not very usable in a practical sense."
Maskeliunas, R., Damasevicius, R., Martisius, I., & Vasiljevas, M. (2016). Consumer-grade EEG devices: are they usable for control tasks?. PeerJ, 4, e1746. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1746
This gives objective percentages and corroborates my own subjective "feelings" of how these devices worked for me.
consumer comparison of the devices, indicating sensors and data rate, for instance
http://learn.neurotechedu.com/headsets/
DIY experiments
O'Reilly
https://www.amazon.com/Make-Mind-Controlled-Arduino-Robot-Microcontrollers/dp/1449311547
An "O'Reilly" book. Mainly about making and coding a small Arduino Robot and then connecting it to the signals of the Neurosky. You will learn an incredible lot about building and coding things. Then you have this little robot and you think it reacts on the signals of the Neurosky, which is true. :-)
Hacking the Mindwave:
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/hackers-in-residence---hacking-mindwave-mobile/all
hacks from Neurosky itself:
With Arduino and Raspberry Pi projects
http://developer.neurosky.com/docs/doku.php?id=projects
a significant cultural experiment
Arnon Grunberg
Although not one of the devices above mentioned, Arnon Grunberg, one of the well known Dutch writers did an interesting experiment, wiring himself to a headset with many electrodes. The goal was to record his emotions while writing and then compare the measurements of his emotions with the measurements of the readers of his text. But to the surprise of everybody, the writer and the scientists, this experiment failed because the researchers could not find "his" emotions while writing. The explanation was that - probably - writing is rational, and not emotional.
If this device with its many sensors and in quite a scientific setting, with accompanying neurologists and scientists is not even working as they thought it would, how can the toys produce any sensible result?
Dutch reports
- http://www.volkskrant.nl/dossier-arnon-grunberg-doorgemeten/proefkonijn-grunberg-hoe-werkt-een-schrijversbrein~a3547359/
- http://www.gezond24.nl/tv-uitzending/g24_954/De-emoties-van-Arnon-Grunberg-1
- http://www.gezond24.nl/tv-uitzending/g24_2196/De-emoties-van-Arnon-Grunberg-2
English:
all links used
scientific research papers
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4806709/
Arnon Grunberg
Dutch reports
- http://www.volkskrant.nl/dossier-arnon-grunberg-doorgemeten/proefkonijn-grunberg-hoe-werkt-een-schrijversbrein~a3547359/
- http://www.gezond24.nl/tv-uitzending/g24_954/De-emoties-van-Arnon-Grunberg-1
- http://www.gezond24.nl/tv-uitzending/g24_2196/De-emoties-van-Arnon-Grunberg-2
English:
Some of the Devices
- Neurosky:
- Emotive:
- Muse:
conclusions
There are numbers coming "from the brain".
Many numbers.
With many numbers you can do anything.
You can even have fun:
But for the rest be careful, these consumer EEG brain sensors are (sometimes quite expensive) toys.
Behave speculative with these toys!