What is an Arduino

Arduino is an open source physical computing platform based on a simple input/output (I/O) board and a development environment that implements the Processing language. Arduino can be used to develop standalone interactive objects or can be connected to software on your computer.
What Is Physical Computing? Physical Computing uses electronics to prototype new materials for designers and artists.
Arduino is composed of two major parts: the Arduino board, which is the piece of hardware you work on when you build your objects; and the Arduino IDE, the piece of software you run on your computer. You use the IDE to create a sketch (a little computer program) that you upload to the Arduino board. The sketch tells the board what to do.

In the meantime, HERE you can find ANYTHING about Arduino, including download the software.

In essence Arduino is just another μController development board. The main purpose of such a μController development board is to make it easy for developers to evaluate the functions of, or create a quick prototype with, a certain type of μController. μControllers come in al sorts of tastes and sizes hence there are many different flavours of μController development boards as well. Do, for example, a Google search on microcontroller development board. You will see an abundance of different different platforms and most likely you will find some Arduino flavours there as well.

From the Wikipedia article on Arduino we read^[1]:

Arduino is an open-source computer hardware and software company, project and user community that designs and manufactures kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control the physical world. Arduino boards may be purchased preassembled, or as do-it-yourself kits; at the same time, the hardware design information is available for those who would like to assemble an Arduino from scratch.
===A bit of Arduino history===
The project is based on a family of microcontroller board designs manufactured primarily by SmartProjects in Italy, and also by several other vendors, using various 8-bit Atmel AVR microcontrollers or 32-bit Atmel ARM processors. These systems provide sets of digital and analog I/O pins that can be interfaced to various extension boards and other circuits. The boards feature serial communications interfaces, including USB on some models, for loading programs from personal computers. For programming the microcontrollers, the Arduino platform provides an integrated development environment (IDE) based on the Processing project, which includes support for C and C++ programming languages.

The first Arduino was introduced in 2005. The project leaders sought to provide an inexpensive and easy way for hobbyists, students, and professionals to create devices that interact with their environment using sensors and actuators. Common examples for beginner hobbyists include simple robots, thermostats and motion detectors.

What do you use Arduino for?

Arduino is involved in lots of works. Here are some examples:

sound sculptures

sensing pollution

Performance / Microphone manipulation

light swarm

Machines that almost fall over

Mom, I hit a man

forbidden fruit machine

simple and with a sense of humor 1

simple and with a sense of humor 2

same but different

Getting started on the Arduino board and software

Now that we have our board we should start by figuring put if our Arduino is all good or it is somehow damaged. To do this we are running a simple script on the board. Once you downloaded the Arduino software from here:[1] you are ready to upload the script.

Go to File ---> Examples ---> Basics --->Blink

So we have something like this

/*
  Blink
  Turns on an LED on for one second, then off for one second, repeatedly.

  Most Arduinos have an on-board LED you can control. On the Uno and
  Leonardo, it is attached to digital pin 13. If you're unsure what
  pin the on-board LED is connected to on your Arduino model, check
  the documentation at http://www.arduino.cc

  This example code is in the public domain.

  modified 8 May 2014
  by Scott Fitzgerald
 */


// the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board
void setup() {
  // initialize digital pin 13 as an output.
  pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
}

// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {
  digitalWrite(13, HIGH);   // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
  delay(1000);              // wait for a second
  digitalWrite(13, LOW);    // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
  delay(1000);              // wait for a second
}

GOOOD! lets dissect this

commenting / one line and multiple lines
setup
loop

Choose board

Choose port

Lets compile this

--- Press/ Click upper most left button, looks like a Tick. Observe the messages appearing in the bottom of the Arduino software window ( there must be a sentence Done Compiling

Lets upload this

And we should have a Blinking aka Flashing on board LED

OK, so your Ardiono blinks, that was Hello World!'

↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino

[1] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino

[1]

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